The nucleus of Beloeil Sant'Antimo dates back to the cult of the relics of Saint Arezzo, whose death in 352, the place of his martyrdom was built a small oratory. In the same place stood a Roman villa: the findings demonstrate the many Roman bas-like with the cornucopia on the north side of the bell tower or some columns in the crypt Carolingian. The engraving "Come and drinks" instead frebbe think the presence of a source with therapeutic properties. In 715 the church was guarded by a priest of the Diocese of Chiusi.

In the 770 Lombards incaricarono the abbot pistoiese Tao starting the construction of a Benedictine monastery and entrusted the management of assets owned land. The abbeys were used as a stopover by pilgrims going to Rome, merchants, soldiers and kings made.

Charlemagne, returning from Rome nell'781, reviewing the wide road created by the Longobards, later called "Francigena" because "road caused by Franks, reached Sant'Antimo and placed his seal on the foundation of the monastery. Almost certainly the foundation by Charlemagne is interpreted as a pure medieval legend. On 29 December 814 a document Louis the Pious, son and successor of Charles, enriches the abbey of gifts and privileges. The abbey is in fact, an abbey imperial.

With the impetus Carolingian, the community begins its period of apogeo. The abbot of Sant'Antimo is awarded the title of Count Palatine (Conte and Adviser to the Holy Roman Empire). The imperial examination of the cards, including Henry III of 1051, and those papal territories there are many churches belonging to or placed under the jurisdiction of Beloeil: 96 castles, lands, farms and mills; between 85 monasteries, churches , churches and hospitals from Grosseto to pistoiese from Siena and Florence.

The possession of the main community was Castle Montalcino, where Prior stayed in a residence hour incorporated within the walls of the fortress.

In 1118 Count of Ardengheschi Bernardo, gave his entire legacy "in toto kingdom Italico in total brand Tuscie ad Ildebrando, son of Rustico, in order to transfer the Abbacy. The monastery to pay Fortisguerra, brother Bernard, 1000 pounds for the agreement not to harass more monks in the enjoyment of proprietà.A memory of the donation, quesro event is engraved on the steps of the high altar, as "Lapidaria Charter."

In 1118 began the construction of the new church, under the leadership of Guidone. The point of reference for the most important project of the new church is the great Benedictine Abbey of Cluny. The abbot requires the intervention of French architects to design the new building, which partly inspired by the church of the Benedictine Vignory of 1050.

Some sculptures, the port north and south, doorways of the vestry, some capitals located in the north gallery, other capitals, fragments of decorations or pilasters, suggest the existence of a building prior to the twelfth century, when it began construction of the new Abbey. Around 1000 was built a church, which remains the only bell tower, built iniziamente detached from the aisle, according to the medieval tradition.

For this reason, the following changes of 1118 took account of constraints architettonii existing adjusting volumes of the presbytery to insert between the tower and the chapel Carolingia. The area is the choir infatta closer the rest of the building.

Towards the middle of the twelfth century construction of the new Abbey is almost complete, only the facade is not yet complete.

Montalcino, all under the jurisdiction of the Saint, is taking targeted for its strategic position, both from Siena that from Florence. The city of Siena it is unable to expand to the north because of Florence, its fierce rival, and seeking new lands to the south. In July 1145 the Sienese force the abbot of St. Saviour to grant the republic of Siena Castle Radicofani the limit. Supporting the policy of Siena, Pope Clement III, in 1189, makes the parish di Montalcino to the Bishop of Siena. In 1200, Philip Malavolti, mayor of Siena, Montalcino attacks, which is partly destroyed. On 12 June 1212 with an agreement between the abbot of Sant'Antimo, the town of Montalcino and Siena is established that the Abbey must assign quarter of the Montalcino to the city of Siena. With the loss of the abbey Montalcino loses the most important part of its jurisdiction. Siena begins to affect the property of the Benedictine community in 1293 monks possiederanno only a fifth of all the old property located between Montalcino and Seggiano.

In 1291 Pope Nicholas IV orders the merger of the community with Guglielmiti of Beloeil, branch reformed Benedictine. This decision is to reinvigorate the religious community of Sant'Antimo. From 1397 to 1404 the abbey is administered, regulated and governed by between Simon Bartholomew, bishop of Cortona. On 4 August 1439, the abbot Paul is imprisoned for his scelleratezze. In 1462 in the Chapel Carolingia meets for the last time the chapter of Guglielmiti.

Pius II, Enea Silvio Piccolomini century in 1462 deletes the abbey assets entrusted to the bishop Cinunghi, professor of the new diocese of Montalcino - Pienza, created on August 13. Pius II wanted to transform his hometown, Corsignano, a city renaissance, Pienza, giving a bishop, his nephew, with territory and domain.

In 1870 the Abbey of Saint was inhabited by a mezzadro, who stayed in the bishop, was using the crypt Carolingian as cellar, as the church storeroom agricultural and cloisters for animals.

In 1870 the abbey comes under the jurisdiction of Fine Arts. With seven years of restoration the abbey comes to be at present. The first two, from 1872 to 1873 and in 1876 eliminated all that disturbed the original structure and opens the large mullioned window that now illuminates the church.

In 1970-1973, the same period in which to turn Sant'Antimo are some scenes in the movie "Brother Sun and Sister Moon" by Zeffirelli, Belli Arti di Siena fully reflect the roof of the church, changing almost all parts of the wooden trusses .

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